Pope Leo XIV, Peter Thiel, and the Future of Humanity: The New Pope’s First Encyclical and Its Political Significance

Martina Bär is professor of fundamental theology at the University of Graz (Austria).

This post is a part of our series on Magnifica Humanitas.

“The Pope is working for the Chinese Communists.” With this provocative statement, US tech billionaire Peter Thiel made international headlines just weeks after Pope Leo XIV published his first encyclical. According to Thiel, the West risks losing the race for artificial intelligence (AI) to China—not least because moral authorities such as the Vatican are slowing technological progress. While authoritarian states continue to develop AI without restraint, democratic societies, he argues, place unnecessary constraints on themselves by worrying about ethics. Behind this criticism lies a worldview that regards technological superiority as the decisive factor in global geopolitical power.

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Magnifica Humanitas: Human Dignity, Technology, and the International Order

Pope Leo XIV signing the Magnifica Humanitas Encyclical / Vatican News

In May 2025, Pope Leo XIV presented his first encyclical letter, Magnifica Humanitas. In a lengthy, thoughtfully constructed, insightful document, the Pope addresses a broad range of questions from the nature of human personality to artificial intelligence to peaceful international order. It emphasizes the role of human dignity as an ultimate ethical principle for navigating the challenges and leveraging the opportunities that our rapidly changing world holds for humanity. It warns against both unlimited belief in technological progress and Luddism-style rejection of it. This blog series has united theologians, constitutional theorists, political scholars, software business managers, and human rights lawyers to reflect on this powerful document and on the ethical approaches and solutions it advocates to make our use of technology safer and more dignified, and the world more just, equal, and peaceful.

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Magnifica Humanitas and the Organic Evolution of Catholic Social Teaching on Online Exploitation

Yuriy Tykhovlis, PhD, is a an antitrafficking lawyer and writer.

This post is a part of our series on Magnifica Humanitas.

Introduction

Magnifica Humanitas (MH) represents an organic evolution of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) that applies the perennial principles of human dignity, the common good, solidarity, and subsidiarity to the novel threats of the digital frontier, including online human trafficking and digital exploitation. In this post, I posit that the encyclical’s unprecedented attention to digital exploitation, evidenced by the substantial focus on these concepts, signals their elevation from peripheral concerns to central structural threats to human dignity.

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