Islamic Law in the United Kingdom

Brandon Reece Taylorian is an associate lecturer and researcher at the University of Lancashire (UK).

Although the Church of England remains England’s established church and receives special privileges, such as being represented by 26 Lords Spiritual in the House of Lords, the United Kingdom (UK) as a whole is governed under secular laws.[1] While there is no clear separation of church and state enshrined in UK legislation, protections have been created for religious minorities who faced severe discrimination and persecution in previous centuries.[2] The first Muslim community to arrive on British shores comprised sailors recruited in India to work for the East India Company in the sixteenth century. Large-scale immigration of Muslims to Britain began in the post–World War II period, with Muslim migrants from former British colonies—predominantly Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan—recruited in large numbers to help rebuild the country.[3] While these Muslim communities, diverse in themselves, largely integrated with British culture, they naturally sought to maintain their cultural and religious identities. One way they have pursued this is by establishing Sharia councils.

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Iraq’s Legal Crisis Through the Lens of Its Personal Status Law

Anne Harper is a JD student and pro-bono scholar at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.

On 21 January 2025, Iraq’s legislature adopted a law that will highly likely subject Iraqi women and girls to human rights violations, based entirely on internal regulations developed by the religious sect to which they belong. Specifically, the legislation amended the 1959 Personal Status Law (PSL) to expand the authority of religious sects within Iraq to develop their own family (personal status) laws based on their interpretations of Sharia law.

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Conversion for Convenience: Manipulating Personal Law Status in Religious Legal Systems

Akif Tahiiev is a post-doctoral research fellow at Goethe University Frankfurt.

In some countries, legal systems are deeply shaped by religious doctrines, especially in areas concerning personal status, such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance. Under these frameworks, individuals belonging to different religious communities are often governed by distinct sets of laws. Although they may possess equal citizenship in theory, the legal rights, responsibilities, and protections afforded them in personal and familial matters can differ significantly depending on their religious affiliation.

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