Religious Freedom and the Courts

James T. Richardson is Emeritus Foundation Professor of Sociology and Judicial Studies, University of Nevada, Reno.

This post is part of a series on the sociology of religious freedom.

A Sociology of Religious Freedom, coauthored by Olga Breskaya, Giuseppe Giordan, and James T. Richardson, offers in part a sociological perspective on the theoretical underpinnings of the role played by the courts, especially in Western societies, in determining the meaning and implementation of religious freedom. It first explicates how and why this crucial role for the courts has evolved in recent decades and then explores specific trends and landmark cases in major judicial systems in the United States and in Western Europe, focusing on the role courts have played in the protection of religious freedom.

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Religious Law and Human Rights

Bahá’í Temple in Wilmette, Illinois / Istock

This series examines religious law as a human rights issue. Drawing on a variety of cases, contributors explain how Muslim and Jewish law and adjudication operate in the secular legal system of the United Kingdom and the mixed legal order of the State of Israel; how religion is being utilized to alienate religious minorities in Iran and Pakistan; and why traditional courts sometimes successfully replace secular legal institutions in serving justice in Kyrgyzstan. What unites these contributions is the authors’ intent to challenge and deepen readers’ basic knowledge about the interplay between religious law and human rights norms in different legal settings. This series is based on presentations given at the ICLRS 32nd Annual International Law and Religion Symposium, 7 October 2025.

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